Yes. A major argument for continuing to collect decennial censuses is that they record what life was like, and are very important for looking at trends over time. The CHCC overview unit on Change Over Time shows how the census questions have changed over the last 200 years.
If you want to know more about the 19th Century Censuses look at the Arts and Humanities Data Service (AHDS) History website Developing the Collection of Historical and Contemporary Census Data and Materials into a Major Learning and Teaching Resource. This site has links to the Historical Censuses Collection learning and teaching resources developed by the University of Glasgow which use data from the Historical Censuses Collection.
There is a wealth of historical census information on the Historical Geographical Information System (GIS) for Great Britain website. This project covers the period from the late 1830s when modern statistical data collection is said to have started, until the early 1970s when data started to become available in digital form.
If you want to search for specific information from the 1901 Census, because confidentiality restrictions on Census information cease after 100 years, you can find out detailed information about individuals and buildings. Visit the Public Records Office 1901 Census website and you can search for a person's address, age, occupation, where they were born and about who they lived with. You can also find out who lived at a particular address in 1901.
Information about the different questions asked in the censuses since 1801
can be found in the CHCC overview unit on Change
over Time.